Emphysema as a possible complication of infant respiratory distress syndrome leading to lung transplantation

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) develops among premature infants due to structural immaturity of the lungs and insufficient production pulmonary surfactant. Nowadays, treatment takes place under conditions intensive care includes oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, exogenous supplementation surfactant antenatal corticosteroid therapy. The IRDS, especially may lead complications which can contribute developing a severe dysfunction system. Unavailability pharmacological IRDS development barotrauma ventilation in our patient led forming interstitial emphysema. In this case report, lung transplantation was performed as an only successful therapeutic option.